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https://www.iampsychiatry.com/anxiety-treatment 

If you are suffering from anxiety that is severe it is essential to seek out professional help. Changes in your lifestyle, such as lessening your stress and taking part in regular physical exercise, are a few options for treatment. Your doctor might also suggest psychotherapy.

The FDA has approved several medicines for anxiety disorders, including SNRIs and SSRIs, which impact serotonin, a neurotransmitter. Anticonvulsants, such as pregabalin, can also reduce anxiety by altering the GABA receptor.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines are drugs that work on the nervous system to create an calming effect. They work by increasing effects of a brain neurotransmitter referred to as gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA inhibits nerve activity in the brain and spinal cord and assists in reducing anxiety.

Contrary to antidepressants, which may take weeks to begin working, benzodiazepines have the ability to alleviate anxiety symptoms almost immediately. They are high-risk substances for abuse and dependency. This is because the body adjusts to benzodiazepines through regular use which can lead to physical dependency. Benzodiazepines can be an effective treatment if other methods don't work or are not available.

It is crucial to talk with your physician prior to taking benzodiazepines. They can assist you in determining the root of your anxiety and suggest other options that might be more suitable. For instance, talking therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and exposure therapy can help address the root cause of your anxiety and help you develop coping skills.

Benzodiazepines do not usually come first in the treatment of anxiety disorders because they can have harmful effects when paired with alcohol or other drugs. They can also be addictive and have a high overdose risk. The first benzodiazepines, chlordiazepoxide, (Librium, Limbitrol), were introduced in 1950, followed by diazepam, (Valium) and lorazepam, (Ativan). All of these drugs come with a black-box warning that states that they may cause serious or life-threatening side effects including severe sleepiness, breathing problems or coma and even death if taken together with opioids or other illegal drugs.

SSRIs

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) are a class of antidepressant medications and are the first choice for many people with anxiety. These meds boost levels of certain chemical messengers in the brain, particularly serotonin and norepinephrine. They also regulate other important chemicals, like those that regulate sleep and mood and lower the levels of stress hormones in your body. The most commonly prescribed SSRI for anxiety is fluoxetine, better known under the brand name Prozac. Other SSRIs include Lexapro Zoloft and Paxil. These SNRIs include Effexor XR Cymbalta and Pristiq.

Although experts aren't quite sure how SSRIs can help combat anxiety, they do know that these meds improve the way your brain functions. They boost glial cell function (these are the brain cells that help nourish, insulate, and protect your neurons), increase BDNF levels (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and increase levels of serotonin itself. It's unclear what is the precise mechanism of action of these supplements is, but it could be a combination of elements.

As with other medications, SSRIs can take 1 month to start working and require regular treatment to ensure that the benefits are maintained. They can have side effects such as nausea and diarrhea. They can also lead to low sodium levels in certain individuals, and may affect libido in certain men. Your provider will decide the length of time you need to take them, depending on your symptoms and the other treatments you're using. They may advise you to continue to use them for a period of 6 to 12 months or work with you to taper down and stop the meds. They may also suggest alternative therapies, like psychotherapy or herbs and supplements that treat anxiety-related symptoms, such as Vistaril for itching or chamomile for sleep.

Beta-blockers

Beta-blockers (also called beta-adrenergic blockers) stop adrenaline from binding to the heart's receptors. This relaxes the heart and lowers blood pressure. They are usually prescribed to treat anxiety and can be an excellent alternative to traditional medication for psychiatric disorders that can have adverse effects.

While beta-blockers may help to alleviate physical symptoms of anxiety, they don't tackle the root factors that cause anxiety. They are usually used to deal with certain situations that cause anxiety, such as public speaking or flying. They can be used together with therapy to treat anxiety disorders, or as a long-term daily medicine.

Beta blockers have a variety of adverse effects due to their way of working, including bradycardia, hypotension, and a variety of other conditions. You might also feel shakey or sweaty. Certain people suffering from asthma, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), or diabetes shouldn't take them.

Despite their side effects beta blockers are extensively studied and used. They've been on market for years and are considered safe for a majority of adults. They're also reasonably priced and readily available compared to other medications. For many people who are concerned about the risk of side effects is a good trade-off for their effectiveness.

Utilizing beta-blockers as part an treatment plan for anxiety is a great idea for people suffering from mild to moderate anxiety. They are more effective than benzodiazepines that are best for those suffering from severe or life-threatening anxiety disorders. However, they will not solve your underlying problem and are best for short-term anxiety like before a big event like an airplane flight or speech. In addition to helping reduce anxiety, they may help you sleep better and control your blood sugar.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Monoamine Oxase inhibitors (MAOIs) block the enzyme responsible for breaking down monoamine neurotransmitters. They increase the availability of serotonin as well as other neurotransmitters like the epinephrine and melatonin to transmit by preventing their breakdown in neurons. They are most commonly employed as antidepressants, however they also show some effectiveness in treating anxiety disorders. They can be used as a single drug or together. They can also be used to treat Parkinson's disease as well as other conditions. Eugenol is an essential oil that is found in the the bud, leaf and stem of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and in the bark of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum). Eugenol has been proven to have MAOI inhibitory activity in a test tube and may interact with these medications.

MAOIs have severe adverse effects and aren't typically the first medication doctors prescribe to treat anxiety or depression. They are typically prescribed for those who are unable to respond to other treatments. They can also be used to treat a variety other disorders, such as Parkinson's and fibromyalgia. They can lead to low blood pressure when standing in a sitting or lying position, which is known as orthostatic hypotension.

The most common MAOIs are phenelzine isocarboxazid and tranylcypromine. Phenelzine is used for atypical anxiety and depression. It has limited research on panic disorder. These medications aren't as potent as SSRIs, but can be useful in treating certain kinds of anxiety and depression.

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The more recent reversible MAOIs that are reversible like selegiline and moclobemide are more secure than the older irreversible MAOIs. They are also more effective than older MAOIs at increasing the levels of monoamines involved in depressive disorders. They are less likely to cause a high blood pressure reaction however, they do are at risk of causing pharmacological dependence.

Buspirone

Combining medication with psychological therapy is the best method to treat anxiety. The use of medications can help ease symptoms, but only when under the supervision of a doctor. There are many different medicines for anxiety, and they can perform differently for each individual. To determine the best medication for you, talk to your doctor and discuss your symptoms.

Buspirone is an FDA-approved anxiety medication that works by regulating the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. It can reduce anxiety and mood disorders without the feeling of sedation. It is less likely to be addictive than other sedatives like benzodiazepines. This makes it a good option for those who wish to reduce their anxiety but don't wish to take drugs like Xanax.

SSRIs and SNRIs are usually the first line of treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). They are antidepressants that boost the levels of serotonin in a person and can aid in regulating mood. These are often prescribed along with anxiety medications like benzodiazepines. They aren't usually prescribed for prolonged periods of time as they can be addictive and have negative side effects, such as drowsiness.

Psychological treatments for GAD, including medication, have proven to be effective on a short-term basis and may improve the outcome over time. These include cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) as well as art or creative therapy and exposure therapy. Psychological therapy can assist people discover ways to better manage their anxiety and depression. This can allow them to live a more fulfilling life and reduce symptoms. Many of these treatments are accessible online, and some may be covered by your insurance. For instance, Brightside is an online therapy service that provides various anxiety and depression treatments including CBT.